Waller County deputies seized the animals from a facility late Tuesday morning.
"At least eight of the horses are emaciated and many have hoof problems," said Meera Nandlal of the Houston SPCA.
While Waller County law enforcement will decide if charges will be laid, Nandlal says the ponies appear to be neglected and not abused.
"It looks like a case of general neglect and that the person caring for the animals just got overwhelmed by the sheer number of animals," said Nandlal.
A judge will ultimately decide where the go next. Until then, the SPCA will take care of them.
Investigators say they seized horses from the same facility four years ago for similar reasons.